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| Name | Australopithecus - A Crucial Evolutionary Link |
| Video Uploader | Video From Enchiridion |
| Upload Date | This Video Uploaded At 01-07-2022 23:00:08 |
| Video Discription | Hi, welcome to Enchiridion. I am honored to provide these facts on Australopithecus as part of the series Prehistoric Beasts! Australopithecus, meaning “southern ape”, was an early hominin that existed in Africa during the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. The genera Homo, which includes modern humans, Paranthropus, and Kenyanthropus evolved from Australopithecus. In other words, Australopithecus were primates closely related to, if not actually ancestors of, modern human beings. For this reason, it is a crucial evolutionary link between nonhuman ape-like creatures and early human species. It is perhaps one of the richest paleoanthropological finds with fossils like “Lucy” yielding significant insights into our evolutionary past. Species are numerous, and include Australopithecus garhi, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus sediba, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus bahrelghazali, and Australopithecus deyiremeda. Australopithecus is known from a series of fossils found at numerous sites in eastern, north-central, and southern Africa, also known as the cradle of humankind. For the longest time, scientists believed our early ancestors arose from Europe or Asia, yet in 1924, a fossil discovery in South Africa revolutionized the perception of early human evolution, known as the Taung Child, which we will get to later in the video. The earliest known member of the genus, Australopithecus anamensis, existed in eastern Africa around 4.2 million years ago, possessing a smaller cranial capacity than other australopithecines. Australopithecus fossils become more widely dispersed throughout eastern and southern Africa, with the Chadian Australopithecus bahrelghazali indicating the genus was much more widespread than the fossil record suggests, before eventually becoming extinct 1.9 million years ago, or 1.2 million to 600,000 years ago if Paranthropus is included, during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. The validity of Paranthropus is contested, with paleoanthropologists currently debating about synonymy with Australopithecus. While none of the groups normally directly assigned to this group survived, including the subspecies, Australopithecus gave rise to living descendants: humans, or Homo, which emerged from an Australopithecus species some time between 3 and 2 million years ago. One of the greatest mysteries in paleoanthropology might be the exact species from which early Homo arose, whose discovery could notably change our view of early human evolution. Audio Design: "Giant Of The Skies", “Time Of The Titans” — Walking With Dinosaurs Soundtrack by Benjamin Bartlett “Clementine Suite” — The Walking Dead Original Game Score by Jared Emerson-Johnson “The Sky Of Our Ancestors”, “Bittersweet”, “Impact Lento”, “Majestic Hills” by Kevin Macleod #Enchiridion #PrehistoricBeasts #Australopithecus #Paleoanthropology #Hominin #Human #Homo #Hominid #OlduvaiGorge #Evolution #Science Table of Contents: 0:00 - Introductory Story 1:27 - Introduction 5:47 - Taxonomy; Research History 9:57 - Evolution 13:16 - Anatomy & Biology 17:37 - Diet 21:14 - Technology 22:17 - Naming 22:33 - Named By 22:45 - Taxonomy; Scientific Classification 27:21 - Species 27:52 - Diet 28:05 - Size 28:18 - Brain Size 28:34 - Weight 28:51 - Known Locations 29:19 - Time Period 29:30 - Fossil Representation; Notable Specimens 31:06 - KT-12/H1, Australopithecus bahrelghazali 32:13 - Karabo, Australopithecus sediba 34:04 - Laetoli footprints, possibly by Australopithecus afarensis 35:33 - AL129-1, Australopithecus afarensis 37:25 - Lucy, Australopithecus afarensis 38:34 - Selam, Australopithecus afarensis or Australopithecus africanus 39:29 - STS 5 (Mrs. Ples), Australopithecus africanus 40:35 - STS 14, Australopithecus africanus 41:30 - STS 71, Australopithecus africanus 42:11 - Taung Child, Australopithecus africanus 42:51 - Popular Culture 43:47 - Conclusion 45:58 - Outro _____ Transcript: https://www.deviantart.com/madwizard38/journal/Australopithecus-A-Crucial-Evolutionary-Link-921119503 Sources: McHenry, Henry M., and Katherine Coffing. “Australopithecus to Homo: Transformations in Body and Mind.” Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 29, Annual Reviews, 2000, pp. 125–46, http://www.jstor.org/stable/223418. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Australopithecus. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved December 18, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australopithecus Haile-Selassie, Y., Melillo, S. M., Vazzana, A., Benazzi, S., & Ryan, T. M. (2019, August 28). A 3.8-million-year-old hominin cranium from Woranso-Mille, Ethiopia. Nature News. Retrieved December 18, 2021, from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1513-8 Kimbel William H. and Villmoare Brian, William H. Kimbel William H. Kimbel Institute of Human Origins, Kimbel, W. H., William H. Kimbel Institute of Human Origins, Villmoare, B., Brian Villmoare http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1012-9388 Department of Anthropology |
| Category | Education |
| Tags | Biology | Science | Paleontology | Palaeontology | Enchiridion | Prehistory | Anatomy | Prehistoric Beasts | Australopithecus | Evolution | Australopithecus garhi | Australopithecus africanus | Australopithecus sediba | Australopithecus afarensis | Australopithecus anamensis | Australopithecus bahrelghazali | Australopithecus deyiremeda | Taung Child | Paranthropus | Mary Leakey | Louis Leakey | Raymond Dart | Olduvai Gorge | Sahelanthropus | Orrorin | hominin | Hominini | Laetoli Footprints | Ardipithecus | Lucy | Selam |
