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| Name | Life without Oxygen - Dianne Newman |
| Video Uploader | Video From Marine Biological Laboratory |
| Upload Date | This Video Uploaded At 12-08-2019 20:51:05 |
| Video Discription | Sager Lecture Dianne Newman, California Institute of Technology Introducer: George O'Toole, Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Adjunct Professor of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth University School of Medicine Lecture Abstract: At the cellular level, humans are pretty dull when it comes to energy generation: we burn carbon and respire oxygen, and occasionally, ferment. Microorganisms, on the other hand, can generate energy from a remarkable array of substrates in the absence of oxygen using exotic forms of respiration and photosynthesis. These diverse, anaerobic pathways have evolved over billions of years. Today, anaerobic microorganisms continue to thrive in every nook and cranny: from the sediments of Cedar Swamp off the Falmouth Bike Path, to the sands of Sippewissett Salt Marsh, to the guts of animals. What are their strategies? What are their effects? How can they be harnessed for biotechnology? In this talk, Dr. Newman will address these questions with a few examples to illustrate how important life without oxygen has been and continues to be both for the Earth and its inhabitants. Dianne Newman is the Gordon M. Binder/Amgen Professor of Biology and Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology. She also holds the Allen V.C. Davis and Lenabelle Davis Leadership Chair as the director of the Center for Environmental Microbial Interactions. Dr. Newman received her B.A. from Stanford University, her Ph.D. from MIT, and was trained as a postdoc at Harvard Medical School. She joined the Caltech faculty in 2000, moved to MIT in 2007, but returned to Caltech in 2010. Her work centers on microbial stress responses, with an emphasis on mechanisms of energy generation and survival when oxygen is scarce. The contexts that motivate her research span ancient sedimentary deposits to chronic infections yet are linked by similar physiological questions. Dr. Newman received 2016 National Academy of Science’s Award in Molecular Biology and a MacArthur Fellowship, but she is most proud of having trained over 50 graduate students and postdocs. She is no stranger to Woods Hole: she was a student (1995), TA (1998), faculty lecturer, and, most recently, co-director (with Jared Leadbetter, Caltech) of the MBL Microbial Diversity course (2014-2017). About the Sager Lecture: Dr. Ruth Sager was chief of cancer genetics at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and a professor at Harvard Medical School where she was an acknowledged expert on suppressor genes and their relation to breast cancer. Dr. Sager was the author of more than 200 scientific papers on cancer genetics and the existence of DNA outside of cell nuclei, her first field of research, which she pursued through the study of algae. In 1988, Dr. Sager received the Gilbert Morgan Smith Medal in phycology. This medal is awarded every three years in recognition of excellence in published research on marine or freshwater algae. After switching her field of study to breast cancer in 1972, she received a Guggenheim Fellowship and studied the disease for a year at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory in London, England. Dr. Sager graduated from the University of Chicago. She earned a master’s degree at Rutgers University and a doctorate at Columbia University. Dr. Sager was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1977. She was a professor at Hunter College until 1975, when she joined Harvard Medical School and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Her cancer research involved the identification of more than 40 possible tumor suppressor genes with implications in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. She also proved “by persistent counterexample, where originality leads,” according to the University of Chicago Magazine article, published in 1994 when she was named alumna of the year. Dr. Sager died of cancer in March, 1997, at the age of 79 |
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