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| Name | #Rakhigarhi what does the #DNA sample prove #Arya or #Dravid |
| Video Uploader | Video From Shardul Associates SA Media |
| Upload Date | This Video Uploaded At 11-10-2018 09:36:33 |
| Video Discription | #shardul_Associates_media, #SA_media_Nation #Rakhigarhi, an archaeological site in Hisar district of Haryana, has been in the news lately. Excavations at the ancient site of Rakhigarhi reveal a number of mounds, dating from pre and early to mature Harappan times (the period for the mature Harappan civilisation is from 2600-1900 BCE). Adding together the size of all the mounds, some archaeologists have termed it the largest ever Harappan site, covering an area of over 350 hectares. However, archaeologists such as Gregory Possehl refute this, suggesting instead that the mounds belong to two different sites, one of them being of the Sothi-Siswal sub-culture (see my earlier article on Harappan sub-cultures). However, Rakhigarhi is not currently in the news because of its size, but because of the analysis of DNA samples from a Harappan-era grave. On the basis of a preliminary report, the media has jumped to conclusions about whether the Harappans and so-called Aryans were indigenous or not, with some stating that it proves that the Harappans were indigenous, that they had links with Ancestral South Indians, and that those speaking Aryan languages (to reaffirm, there is no, and never has been, any Aryan race), came in later. They then further reach the conclusion that the Harappans spoke a South Indian language. Others in the media have taken it to prove a continuity from Harappan times to the present day. This, in fact, is the way in which myths are created and perpetuated, and become part of a historical narrative, which though unsubstantiated, continue to be quoted. Why should we not arrive at any conclusions on the basis of the DNA analysis from Rakhigarhi? Well, because while 148 samples were sent, DNA could be extracted from only one, or at most from two. And how can you generalise about the population at Rakhigarhi, leave alone about the entire Harappan civilisation, on the basis of the DNA of a single individual? Was the individual a resident of Rakhigarhi or a migrant? Who knows? In addition, DNA cannot be linked with language, as the evolution and diffusion of languages is complex and not necessarily related to a person’s ancestry. Here we will look at some problems on conclusions made on the basis of DNA studies. Scientists such as Stephen Gould, Richard Lewontin, Leonard Lieberman and others have argued that race is not a valid method to classify humans, and anthropologists have moved away from categorising people according to race. However, though the term race may not be used, recent studies on genetics, decoding the genome, and Palaeo-analysis of bones, have again brought the question of types of people to the forefront. Such studies have come up with various theories about the ancestry of people in India. Among them are the following: Richard Fnyrop, 2009, on the basis of genetic analysis suggests that Indians are a mixture of two groups, termed Ancestral North Indians (ANI), and Ancestral South Indians (ASI). ANI, are similar to western Eurasians, including Europeans, and accounts for 40 –80 per cent of the Indian genome; Ancestral South Indians, are not linked with any other group. Today only Andaman islanders have exclusive descent from ASI, the rest are mixed. David Reich suggests that Dravidians are related to people from the eastern Mediterranean; they are thought to be of the same stock as the people of Asia Minor and Crete, and the pre-Hellenic Greeks (the Aegeans). Other genetic studies suggest there was no large inflow of genes into India after 10,000 BCE. Palaeo analysis of bones from graves in the northwest suggests that there were two periods of discontinuity, between 6000 and 4500, and after 800 BCE. These studies may have some basis, but should not be taken as conclusive. For instance Richard Fynrop’s conclusions have been arrived at with samples of only 132 people, from 25 groups across 13 States; the majority of people selected were tribals or lower castes. Haryana, Punjab, Bihar, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Assam and even Tamil Nadu are among the States totally excluded from this study. Gujarat, Kerala, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh are represented only by samples from tribal populations. The limited nature of such a study is clear. |
| Category | People & Blogs |
| Tags | #rakhigarhidnavasantshinde | #profvasantshinde | #Arya | #Dravid | #Indiannative | #DNA | #UPSC | #MPSC | #Harappan | #Hindutvanationalists rakhigarhi | rakhigarhi dna | rakhigarhi haryana excavation | rakhigarhi hisar haryana | rakhigarhi unacademy | rakhigarhi lallantop | rakhigarhi kabaddi match | rakhigarhi civilization | rakhigarhi sabhyata | rakhigarhi museum |
