Dilution Streaking Technique : Microbiology Animations
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Dilution Streaking Technique : Microbiology Animations
To obtain isolated microbial colonies from an inoculum by creating areas of increasing dilution on an agar petriplate.
Principle:
The streak plate method is a rapid qualitative isolation method. The techniques commonly used for isolation of discrete colonies initially require that the number of organisms in the inoculums be reduced. It is essentially a dilution technique that involves spreading a loopful of culture over the surface of an agar plate. The resulting diminution of the population size ensures that, following inoculation, individual cells will be sufficiently far apart on the surface of the agar medium to effect a separation of the different species present. Although many type of procedures are performed, the four ways or quadrant streak is mostly done.
Importance of Streaking:
The human body has billions of bacteria which constitutes the normal flora fighting against the invading pathogens. It is tedious to isolate a particular type of bacteria from a clinical sample. Streak plate technique is used to grow bacteria on a growth media surface so that individual bacterial colonies are isolated and sampled. Isolated colonies indicate a clone of cells, being derived from a single precursor cell. When the selected culture media is inoculated using a single isolated colony, the resulting culture grows from that selected single clone. The modern streak plate method has evolved from the efforts by Robert Koch and other microbiologists to obtain pure culture of bacteria in order to study them. The dilution or isolation by streaking procedure was originally developed by Loeffler and Gaffky in Koch's laboratory, which involves the dilution of bacteria by systematically streaking them over the surface of the agar in a petri dish to obtain isolated colonies which will subsequently grow into mass of cells, or isolated colonies. If the agar surface grows microorganisms which are all the genetically same, the culture is then considered as a pure culture.
The commonly used petri dishes are of hundred millimetre diameter. The agar surface of the plate should be dry without any moisture such as condensation drops. The source of inoculums can be clinical specimen, environmental swab, sedimented urine, broth or solid culture.
In the streaking procedure, a sterile loop or swab is used to obtain an uncontaminated microbial culture. The process is called "picking colonies" when it is done from an agar plate with isolated colonies and is transferred to a new agar or gelatin plate using a sterile loop or needle. The inoculating loop or needle is then streaked over an agar surface. On the initial region of the streak, many microorganisms are deposited resulting in confluent growth or the growth of culture over the entire surface of the streaked area. The loop is sterilized by heating the loop in the blue flame of the Bunsen burner, between streaking different sections, or zones and thus lesser microorganisms are deposited as the streaking progresses. The streaking process will dilutes out the sample that was placed in the initial region of the agar surface. There are two most commonly used streak patterns, a three sector "T streak " and a four quadrant streak methods.
Types of Media:
Growths of micro organisms require nutrients and environment conditions. Nutrient preparations made in laboratory, used for the growth of the organism are called media (singular: medium). Three physical forms are used: liquid or broth media; semisolid media; and solid media. Liquid media, such as nutrient broth, tryptic soy broth, or brain heart infusion broth, can be used to propagate large numbers of microorganisms in fermentation studies and for biochemical tests. Semisolid media can also be used in fermentation studies, in determining bacterial motility, and in promoting anaerobic growth. Solid media, such as nutrient agar or blood agar, are used for the surface growth of microorganisms in order to observe colony appearance, (2) for pure culture isolations, (3) lot storage of cultures, and (4) to observe specific biochemical reactions. While in the liquefied state, solid media can be poured into either a test tube or petri plate (dish) and if the agar is poured into a petri plate, the plate is designated an agar plate.
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