Q.What are colligative properties?(CLASS 12 CHEMISTRY - SOLUTIONS)
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Colligative Properties
A colligative property is a property of a solution that is dependent on the ratio between the total number of solute particles (in the solution) to the total number of solvent particles. Colligative properties are not dependent on the chemical nature of the solution’s components. Thus, colligative properties can be linked to several quantities that express the concentration of a solution, such as molarity, normality, and molality. The four colligative properties that can be exhibited by a solution are:
Boiling point elevation
Freezing point depression
Relative lowering of vapour pressure
Osmotic pressure
The word “colligative” has been adapted or taken from the Latin word “colligatus” which translates to “bound together”. In the context of defining a solution, colligative properties help us understand how the properties of the solution are linked to the concentration of solute in the solution.
Are Colligative properties physical or chemical?
The physical modifications that occur from applying solute to a solution are colligative properties. Colligative properties rely on the quantities of solvent particles and the quantity of solvent, but they do NOT depend on the form of solvent particles, but they do depend on the type of solvent.
Why are Colligative properties important?
Colligative properties include lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of the boiling point, depression of the freezing point, and osmotic pressure. As will be defined in this module, this small set of properties is of fundamental significance to many natural phenomena and technical applications.
Why is Molality used in Colligative properties?
Molality is not only used in freezing depression points for colligative properties, since the colligative properties only depend on the number of particles in the solution. Molality, much like molarity, does not depend on the temperature. Then the volume changes slightly if the temperature changes, and the molarity will change.
What are the other Colligative properties of solution?
Solutions’ colligative properties are properties that depend on the concentration of molecules or ions of the solute, but not on the identity of the solute. Colligative properties include lowering of vapour pressure, boiling point elevation, depression of the freezing point, and osmotic pressure.
What does freezing point depression mean?
Depression from Freezing Point. The freezing point of a solution is smaller than the pure solvent’s freezing point. This suggests that for freezing to occur, a solution must be cooled to a lower temperature than the pure solvent.
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